12 Things to Know About U.S. Mail and Shipping

Key Facts and Tips for Every Sender

Mail and shipping remain essential services that connect people and businesses across the United States. Every day, postal workers handle millions of pieces of mail and packages with efficiency, helping to deliver important items ranging from letters and bills to medications and goods.

Understanding how U.S. mail and shipping systems work can help individuals and businesses make better choices about sending, receiving, and managing deliveries. Reliable mail service supports daily life in communities large and small, providing access no matter where someone lives.

1) USPS First-Class Mail is ideal for standard envelopes up to 3.5 oz.

USPS First-Class Mail is designed for sending standard-sized, single-piece envelopes weighing up to 3.5 ounces. This makes it a suitable choice for personal letters, bills, small documents, and greeting cards.

The service is widely used because it is both cost-effective and reliable. As of early 2025, a Forever stamp covers postage for a 1-ounce envelope, and additional postage applies for each extra ounce.

First-Class Mail typically receives priority handling over other basic mailing options, such as Marketing Mail or Media Mail. Delivery is usually within 1 to 5 business days, depending on the destination.

Envelopes must meet specific size and shape requirements set by USPS. Those exceeding the 3.5-ounce weight limit need to use a different service, such as Priority Mail or another appropriate category.

For individuals and small businesses looking to send important documents and correspondence, First-Class Mail offers a balance of speed and affordability. No special contracts or accounts are required, making it easily accessible.

2) Package delivery speed depends on distance and mail class.

The time it takes for a package to arrive is affected by how far it must travel. Packages sent within the same city or state usually arrive faster than those sent across the country.

The choice of mail class also determines delivery speed. For example, Priority Mail often delivers in 2-3 business days, while standard services may take longer.

Heavier items or larger packages might influence the timeline if they require special handling. Flat Rate options can sometimes simplify this process, as they offer set delivery expectations regardless of weight or distance.

Weather conditions, mail volume, and operational delays can impact actual delivery times. However, the primary factors remain the distance between the sender and recipient and the selected mail class.

Business days do not include weekends or federal holidays, which can affect estimated delivery dates. Considering both distance and mail class helps set realistic expectations for when a package will arrive.

3) USPS offers affordable shipping options for various package sizes.

USPS provides several shipping choices designed to accommodate a wide range of package sizes and weights. Services like First-Class Mail are cost-effective for sending standard letters, cards, and small parcels up to a certain weight.

For heavier or larger items, options such as Priority Mail and Priority Mail Express are available. These services allow customers to ship packages weighing up to 70 pounds across the U.S. at set rates, especially with Flat Rate products.

Flat Rate boxes and envelopes from USPS can be ordered for free and let senders pay one price regardless of the destination within the country, as long as the package fits and does not exceed the maximum weight.

Customers are allowed to use their own packaging when not selecting Flat Rate services. This flexibility helps individuals and businesses select the shipping option that meets their needs and budget. USPS also supports online postage and label printing, simplifying the process for users.

Shipping costs vary by service, destination, size, and weight, so selecting the best service depends on the specifics of each shipment.

4) Mail delivery generally takes 1 to 5 business days with First-Class Mail.

First-Class Mail is one of the most commonly used services for sending letters and small packages within the United States. The typical delivery time frame ranges from 1 to 5 business days.

Delivery speed depends on the distance between the sender and the recipient. Mail sent locally may arrive in just a day or two, while items sent across the country can take up to five days.

This service is designed for standard-sized letters, postcards, and small parcels. The price is generally affordable, making it accessible for most individuals and businesses.

Recent adjustments to postal standards have affected delivery times, so actual delivery may occasionally vary. Major holidays or unexpected disruptions can also impact deliveries.

Tracking is not standard for basic First-Class Mail letters but is available for parcels. Users may choose this service for important but non-urgent correspondence.

5) USPS provides services to update or change your mailing address.

The United States Postal Service (USPS) offers a convenient way for individuals and businesses to update or change their mailing address. This process is commonly known as submitting a Change of Address (COA) request.

USPS allows customers to submit these requests online, by mail, or in person at a local post office. Online submissions are often the fastest and most straightforward method.

When someone submits a Change of Address, USPS usually starts forwarding mail to the new address within three business days. However, it is recommended to allow up to two weeks for the service to take full effect.

Forwarding mail ensures that most letters and packages sent to the old address will arrive at the new location. Certain mail types, such as magazines and priority mail, may have different forwarding rules.

Accurately providing all requested information helps avoid delays or missing mail. USPS also verifies identity during the process to protect against unauthorized address changes.

This service is especially helpful during moves, temporary relocations, or when managing mail for family members. There are also options to rent or renew post office boxes if a permanent address is not available.

6) Packages move through machines, trucks, and local stations before delivery.

USPS handles packages using a structured process that involves several steps and facilities. Mail and parcels usually begin their journey at a local post office or drop-off location. From there, they are transported to regional processing centers.

At these centers, packages move through automated machines for sorting. These machines quickly separate items by destination and type, which helps speed up the next stages.

After sorting, packages are loaded onto trucks. These trucks often operate around the clock and transport mail between processing centers and local stations. Some long-distance routes may also use air transport.

Once packages reach a local station near the delivery address, they undergo another sorting process. This helps the staff prepare deliveries for specific routes and postal workers.

Finally, packages are loaded onto local delivery vehicles. Postal workers then deliver them to their final destinations, including homes, businesses, or P.O. boxes.

7) The Postal Service is an independent federal agency.

The United States Postal Service (USPS) functions as an independent agency within the federal government. It is not part of any cabinet-level department. USPS operates under its own set of laws and has a separate leadership structure.

The agency was restructured as an independent entity under the Postal Reorganization Act, which was signed into law in 1970. This change was made to improve efficiency and business-like operations.

Despite being a federal agency, the USPS does not receive direct taxpayer funding for its operating expenses. It relies on revenue from postage sales and other services to cover its costs.

USPS is overseen by a Board of Governors, similar to a board of directors in a private company. The Postmaster General leads the agency with input from this board.

Being independent allows the Postal Service flexibility to adapt its services and operations to meet changing demands. It still follows federal laws and regulations to ensure accountability and public trust.

8) USPS enforces more than 200 federal laws to protect mail security.

The United States Postal Service is responsible for the secure delivery of mail across the nation. To help ensure this, more than 200 federal laws are in place to protect the integrity and privacy of mail.

These laws are enforced by the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. It is one of the oldest federal law enforcement agencies in the country. Its role is to investigate and prevent mail-related crimes such as theft, fraud, and tampering.

Protection of mail isn’t limited to severe crimes. Laws also cover smaller violations, helping to maintain trust in the postal system. Enforcement helps deter criminal activity and reassures customers that their mail is handled safely.

By adhering to these federal laws, USPS upholds high standards for security and reliability. This legal framework remains central to the agency’s operation and reputation.

9) You can request a hold or pause on your mail when away.

The United States Postal Service offers a Hold Mail service for customers who plan to be away from home. This service temporarily stops mail delivery to your address for 3 to 30 days.

You can submit a Hold Mail request online by creating or signing in to a USPS.com account. The request can be made up to 30 days before the start date or as soon as the next scheduled delivery day.

During the hold period, USPS stores incoming mail at your local post office. At the end of your requested period, regular mail delivery resumes and all held mail is delivered to your address.

There is no charge for this service. Hold Mail can help prevent mail theft or overflow in your mailbox while you are out of town.

If you need to extend or cancel your hold request, you can manage these options online as well. This provides flexibility if your travel plans change.

10) Properly packaging and labeling are essential for timely delivery.

Effective packaging protects items from damage during transit. Using sturdy boxes or padded envelopes helps keep contents secure, especially if the package may be handled multiple times.

Packages should be sealed completely. Flaps and seams must be closed tightly with strong packing tape. Any address labels or envelopes must be firmly attached to the container, with minimal separation between the label and the surface.

Clear and accurate labeling ensures your mail reaches the correct destination. The address should be written or printed clearly, including all necessary information like apartment numbers or ZIP codes.

A return address helps in the event that a package cannot be delivered as intended. Proper labeling reduces delays and mistaken deliveries, as automated systems rely on easily readable labels.

Packing guidelines also include not exceeding size or weight limits for the chosen mail class. USPS and similar carriers provide resources and support to help ensure packages meet all requirements for a successful and timely delivery.

11) USPS mail carriers deliver mail directly to your mailbox or door.

USPS mail carriers typically deliver letters and small packages directly to the mailbox associated with each address. For many homes, this mailbox is located at the curb or mounted near the door.

If a mailbox is attached to the house by the door, carriers may deliver mail close to the entrance. Larger packages that do not fit in the mailbox are usually brought to the door or left in a safe area near the entrance.

Some multi-unit buildings or apartments have centralized mailboxes, and carriers deliver to those locations instead of to each individual door. In rare cases, if an item requires a signature, the carrier may knock or ring the bell to deliver the package directly to someone at the door.

The exact delivery point depends on the type of residence, local postal policies, and the size of the package. However, the standard for the USPS remains consistent: mail is delivered to the mailbox, and larger packages are handled with care to ensure safe delivery.

12) Choosing the correct mail class affects cost and delivery speed.

Selecting the right mail class is important because each class offers different rates and time frames. For example, First-Class Mail is designed for standard letters and lightweight packages, providing an affordable and reliable option for shipments up to 13 ounces.

Priority Mail is suitable for heavier or urgent packages, usually costing more but arriving faster. Delivery times differ between mail classes, affecting how quickly mail reaches its destination.

Missed opportunities to choose the best class can result in higher costs or slower delivery. Businesses and individuals should carefully compare options based on weight, speed, and price.

Understanding the requirements for each class helps avoid delays. Some classes have specific size or weight limitations, which can impact eligibility for certain rates or services.

Understanding the U.S. Postal System

The United States Postal Service (USPS) operates a vast network for processing, sorting, and delivering mail and packages across the entire country. It offers a range of services and options tailored to different mailing, shipping, and budget needs.

Major Mail Classes and Services

USPS provides several main classes of mail, each designed for specific use cases and delivery speeds. First-Class Mail is commonly used for standard-sized letters, postcards, and flat envelopes weighing up to 3.5 ounces for letters and up to 13 ounces for flats. It is typically the fastest and most affordable option for these items.

Priority Mail is suitable for larger packages and includes tracking, insurance, and fast delivery times of one to three days. Priority Mail Express offers overnight service and guarantees delivery, making it the top choice for urgent shipments.

Other services include Media Mail for sending books and educational materials at reduced rates, Parcel Select for bulk package shipping, and Standard Mail (now called USPS Marketing Mail) for commercial mailers sending advertisements or newsletters.

Many USPS services include tracking, delivery confirmation, and optional insurance, making it easier to manage and monitor shipments.

How USPS Differs from Private Carriers

USPS operates as an independent establishment of the U.S. government, providing universal mail delivery to all addresses nationwide, including remote and rural areas. Unlike private companies, it is legally required to deliver to every address regardless of profitability.

Private carriers such as UPS and FedEx typically specialize in express and ground parcel delivery for businesses and individuals. They may offer advanced tracking, logistics, and international options that can be more expensive or focused on speed rather than broad access.

USPS is often preferred for standard and lightweight items due to competitive pricing and comprehensive coverage. For larger, time-sensitive, or valuable shipments, private carriers may offer additional guarantees, specialized handling, and customizable services not always available through USPS.

Shipping and Mail Security

Security in mail delivery is essential for protecting both senders and recipients. Advances in package tracking and ongoing efforts to prevent fraudulent activities help safeguard mail throughout its journey.

Package Tracking Innovations

Modern tracking systems let customers and businesses monitor packages every step of the way. Most major carriers, including USPS, FedEx, and UPS, provide real-time tracking updates accessible online or through mobile apps.

These services use barcodes and electronic scans that record every transfer point. Notifications can be set up to alert users to delivery status changes, delays, or attempted deliveries.

Some shippers offer options such as signature confirmation, which ensures packages aren’t left unattended. Smart lockboxes and parcel lockers are becoming available in high-traffic areas, reducing the risk of package theft.

The use of RFID tags is growing, allowing even more precise tracking and faster processing at distribution centers. Many innovations are aimed at giving recipients control and peace of mind throughout the delivery process.

Preventing Mail and Package Fraud

Mail security is reinforced by more than 200 federal laws, which are enforced by entities such as the Postal Inspection Service. Their role includes investigating and prosecuting mail theft, mail fraud, and tampering.

USPS recommends specific steps to protect incoming mail, like promptly retrieving delivered items and customizing delivery instructions for added security. Holding mail when traveling and using secure delivery locations can limit theft risks.

Businesses and individuals alike are encouraged to verify suspicious senders and report unexpected or questionable mail. Many carriers offer fraud alert services and guidance on recognizing phishing or scam attempts disguised as legitimate package notifications.

Attention to written policies and routine security practices creates further barriers for fraudulent activity. Proactive action is the best way to keep mail and packages secure during transit and after delivery.